What is Operating System

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Computer System has different components, these include hardware, operating system, application programs and users.

Hardware is a physical portion of the computer system consists of basic

 computer resources i.e. memory, CPU and I/O devices.

Operating system manages hardware resources among different application

 programs and users.

Application programs are the third layer of computer organization. 

These are designed to perform specific tasks directly for users. These may 

include from word processors to video games and many more.

Definition

   Operating system is a system software that manages computer resources 

(hardware as well as applications), acts as an intermediary between a user and computer hardware and makes computer system convenient to use.

It is due to the operating system, the user of the computer does not have to deal directly with the hardware to get their work done. Operating system provides

 the user a simple and user-friendly interface to perform their specific tasks.

Examples of computer operating systems

  Microsoft Windows 10 - PC and IBM compatible operating system. Microsoft Windows is the most common and used operating system.

Apple macOS - Apple Mac operating system. Today, the only Apple computer operating system is macOS.

Ubuntu Linux - A popular variant of Linux used with PC and IBM compatible computers.

Google Android - Operating system used with Android compatible phones and tablets.

iOS - Operating system used with the Apple iPhone and iPads.

Chromium - Google operating system used with Chromebooks.

OxygenOS - OnePlus' proprietary operating system.

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1. What is an Operating System ?
2. Discuss the structure off OS ?
3. Explain type of OS?
4. Explain Function of OS?
5. Explain OS Services ?
6. What do mean by system call ?List different type ofsystem call available ?

1. what is process ? and Characteristics ?
2. What is different process state? explain the same in details?
3. write short note on user level and kernal level threads?
4. explain what is thread and its type ?
5. explain scheduler ? (short term,medium term,and long term)
6. state and explain scheduling criteria ?
7. Explain scheduling algorithm ? [ FCFS,SJF,PRIORITY,ROUND ROBINE.]    

1. What is process synchronization ? explain critical section problem and race condition ?
2. what is Race Condition ?
3. what is critical section problem?
4. explain classical problem of synchronization?
5. explain bounded - buffer problem?
6. explain reader - writer problem ?
7. explain Dining Philosophers Problem ?
8. explain semaphores ? its type ?

1.  What is deadlock ?
2. What are the 4 condition to produce deadlock ?
3. explain methods of handling deadlock ?
4. explain in detail deadlock prevention ?
5. write short note on deadlock avoidance ?
6. explain deadlock detection ? 
7. explain Banker algorithm with example ? 

1. What are memory management ?
2. what is contiguous memory allocation and non - contiguous memory allocation ?
3. explain concept of paging with neat diagram?
4. differentiate contiguous and non - contiguous memory allocation ?
5. explain in details various partitioning memory management?
6. explain the concept of Segmentation ?
7. what is Thrashing explain in details ?

1. explain virtual memory concept in details ? with advantages and disadvantages ?
2. explain page replacement algorithm ?
3. explain LRU , Optimal ,FIFO.