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File Management
A file is a set of related information which is should define by its creator. It commonly represents programs, both source and object forms, and data. Data files can be numeric, alphabetic, or alphanumeric.
Function of file management in OS:
The operating system has the following important given activities in connections with file management:
- File and directory creation and deletion.
- For manipulating files and directories.
- Mapping files onto secondary storage.
- Backup files on stable storage media.
Process Management
The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes that are running simultaneously on the operating system. Every software application program has one or more processes associated with them when they are running.
For example, when you use a browser like Google Chrome, there is a process running for that browser program. The OS also has many processes running, which performing various functions.
All these processes should be managed by process management, which keeps processes for running efficiently. It also uses memory allocated to them and shutting them down when needed.
The execution of a process must be sequential so, at least one instruction should be executed on behalf of the process.
Functions of process management in OS:
The following are functions of process management.
- Process creation and deletion.
- Suspension and resumption.
- Synchronization process
- Communication process
I/O Device Management
One of the important use of an operating system that helps you to hide the variations of specific hardware devices from the user.
Functions of I/O management in OS:
- It offers buffer caching system
- It provides general device driver code
- It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.
- I/O helps you to knows the individualities of a specific device.
Network Management
Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks. It includes performance management, fault analysis, provisioning of networks, and maintaining the quality of service.
A distributed system is a collection of computers/processors that never share their own memory or a clock. In this type of system, all the processors have their local Memory, and the processors communicate with each other using different communication lines, like fiber optics or telephone lines.
The computers in the network are connected through a communication network, which can be configured in a number of different ways. With the help of network management, the network can be fully or partially connected, which helps users to design routing and connection strategies that overcome connection and security issues.
Functions of Network management:
- Distributed systems help you to various computing resources in size and function. They may involve microprocessors, minicomputers, and many general-purpose computer systems.
- A distributed system also offers the user access to the various resources the network shares.
- It helps to access shared resources that help computation to speed-up or offers data availability and reliability.
Main Memory management
Main Memory is a large array of storage or bytes, which has an address. The memory management process is conducted by using a sequence of reads or writes of specific memory addresses.
In order to execute a program , it should be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded inside the Memory. The selection of a memory management method depends on several factors.
However, it is mainly based on the hardware design of the system. Each algorithm requires corresponding hardware support. Main Memory offers fast storage that can be accessed directly by the CPU. It is costly and hence has a lower storage capacity. However, for a program to be executed, it must be in the main Memory.
Functions of Memory management in OS:
An Operating System performs the following functions for Memory Management:
- It helps you to keep track of primary memory.
- Determine what part of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
- In a multiprogramming system, the OS takes a decision about which process will get Memory and how much.
- Allocates the memory when a process requests
- It also de-allocates the Memory when a process no longer requires or has been terminated.
Secondary-Storage Management
The most important task of a computer system is to execute programs. These programs, along with the data, helps you to access, which is in the main memory during execution.
This Memory of the computer is very small to store all data and programs permanently. The computer system offers secondary storage to back up the main Memory. Today modern computers use hard drives/SSD as the primary storage of both programs and data. However, the secondary storage management also works with storage devices, like a USB flash drive, and CD/DVD drives.
Programs like assemblers, compilers, stored on the disk until it is loaded into memory, and then use the disk as a source and destination for processing.
Functions of Secondary storage management in OS:
Here, are major functions of secondary storage management in OS:
- Storage allocation
- Free space management
- Disk scheduling
Security Management
The various processes in an operating system need to be secured from each other's activities. For that purpose, various mechanisms can be used to ensure that those processes which want to operate files, memory CPU, and other hardware resources should have proper authorization from the operating system.
For example, Memory addressing hardware helps you to confirm that a process can be executed within its own address space. The time ensures that no process has control of the CPU without renouncing it.
Lastly, no process is allowed to do its own I/O, to protect, which helps you to keep the integrity of the various peripheral devices.
Other Important Activities
Here, are some other important activities of OS:
- The user's program can't execute I/O operations directly. The operating system should provide some medium to perform this.
- OS checks the capability of the program to read, write, create, and delete files.
- OS facilitates an exchange of information between processes executing on the same or different systems.
- OS components help you to makes sure that you get the correct computing by detecting errors in the CPU and memory hardware.
Summary:
- An operating system is a large and complex system that can only be created by partitioning into small pieces.
- Operating system shares the various OS system components like File, Process Memory, I/O device management, etc.
- A file is a collection of related information which is should define by its creator.
- The process management component is a procedure for managing the many processes that are running simultaneously on the operating system
- I/O device management is one of the important use of an operating system that helps you to hide the variations of specific hardware devices from the user.
- Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks.
- The memory management process is conducted by using a sequence of reads or writes of certain memory addresses.
- Secondary-Storage Management, the most important task of a computer system, is to execute programs.
- Security management includes various processes in an operating system that need to be secured from each other's activities.
- The operating system checks the capability of the program to read, write, create, and delete files.
- What is an Operating System ?
- Discuss the structure off OS ?
- Explain type of OS?
- Explain Function of OS?
- Explain OS Services ?
- What do mean by system call ?List different type ofsystem call available ?
- what is process ? and Characteristics ?
- What is different process state? explain the same in details?
- write short note on user level and kernal level threads?
- explain what is thread and its type ?
- explain scheduler ? (short term,medium term,and long term)
- state and explain scheduling criteria ?
- Explain scheduling algorithm ? [ FCFS,SJF,PRIORITY,ROUND ROBINE.]
- What is process synchronization ? explain critical section problem and race condition ?
- what is Race Condition ?
- what is critical section problem?
- explain classical problem of synchronization?
- explain bounded - buffer problem?
- explain reader - writer problem ?
- explain Dining Philosophers Problem ?
- explain semaphores ? its type ?
- What is deadlock ?
- What are the 4 condition to produce deadlock ?
- explain methods of handling deadlock ?
- explain in detail deadlock prevention ?
- write short note on deadlock avoidance ?
- explain deadlock detection ?
- explain Banker algorithm with example ?
- What are memory management ?
- what is contiguous memory allocation and non - contiguous memory allocation ?
- explain concept of paging with neat diagram?
- differentiate contiguous and non - contiguous memory allocation ?
- explain in details various partitioning memory management?
- explain the concept of Segmentation ?
- what is Thrashing explain in details ?
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